Noun

Noun

Noun may be a word that names someone, an area or a thing.
For example chair, table, book, New York, computer, cup, boy, John, hospital, Newton, garden, room, man, Paris, doctor, and pen square measure nouns as a result of every of those words may be a name of someone, an area or a thing.

Examples.Chair, table, book, cup, computer, picture, (names of things)
Pakistan,Japan,china, cinema, garden, (names of places)
Ali,Sam,Omar,David, woman, girl, doctor (names of persons)

Types of Noun
There are  2 types of noun.

• Common noun
• Proper noun
Common Noun
Name of a standard or a non-specific thing, place, or person is named noun.
Common noun refers to a non-specific or non-particular thing, place or person.
For example Note book, pen, room, garden man, girl, road, camera, month, day, chair, school, boy, car, square measure common nouns as a result of every of those nouns refers to a standard factor, place or person.

Proper Noun
Name of a specific or a selected thing, place or person is named noun.
For example Mercedez automobile, June, Sunday, Cambridge, Lahore, Canada, Peter, James, Thomson, square measure correct nouns as a result of every of those nouns refers to a specific factor, place or person.

If a common noun is specified it becomes a proper noun. for instance day is a common noun but if it is specified like Monday or Friday, it becomes proper noun. Similarly car is a common noun but if it is specified like BMW Car, it becomes proper noun.

Use of CAPITAL LETTER for proper noun.

The first letter of proper noun is always written in capital letter.

Examples.
He lives in Paris.
She studies in Oxford University.
Author of this book is John Stephen.
Laws of motion were given by Newton
The richest person of the planet is computer scientist.

Use of “THE” for correct noun.
The article “the” is employed before some correct nouns. Here square measure some rules for the utilization of article “the” before correct nouns.
Article “the” isn't used before the name of states, cities, for instance ny, Mexico, Canada, Toronto, London, Paris, America. however if the name of country or town or place expresses cluster of places or lands or states, then article “the” are used before it. For example, the Philippines, Holland, the us
Article “the” isn't used before the name of universities, for instance Oxford, Yale, or Columbia. however if the name of university is written in an exceedingly order that it includes the word “of” then article “the” are used before it, for instance, the University of British Republic of Colombia, the university of Oxford, the University of provincial capital.
Article “the” is employed before names composed of each noun and noun, for instance the ny town, the Dominion of North American nation, the stream Nile
“The” is employed before the names of laws, principles, theories or devices, for instance, the mathematician Theorem, the Fahrenheit scale, the Law of Newton, the Allais result. however if the right noun is employed in possessive type, no article are used, for instance Newton’s Laws of Motion, Hooke’s Law of snap, Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures.
“The” utilized by the name of ocean, sea, river, sweet or forest (except lakes and fall) for instance the Pacific Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Sahara, the Black Forests.
“The” is employed before the names of buildings, hotels, libraries having specific names, for instance the Brunel edifice, the Lahore repository, the Library of Congress,
“The” is employed before the name of a countryside and points on globe, for example the Middle East, the West, the Equator, the North Pole
“The” is usually used before the names of organizations for example, the Chamber of Chartered Accountants, the United Nations,
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Countable Nouns.
A noun which can be counted is called countable noun.
For example, "Notebook" is countable noun because we can count it and can say one book, two Notebooks, three Notebooks and so on. sofa, table, cat, dog, cow are examples countable nouns. A countable noun can be singular as well as plural. Article “a” or “an” is used with singular noun but not with plural noun. If a singular noun starts with consonant letter then “a” is used before it, i.e. a book, a cat, a pen. If a singular noun starts with vowel letter or consonant but sound like vowel then "an" is used before it.

Singular and Plural noun (Countable Noun)

A countable noun may be singular additionally as plural. Article “a” or “an” is applicable before singular noun however not before plural noun.
If a singular noun starts with consonant letter then “a” is applicable before it, i.e. a book, a cat, a pen. If a singular noun starts with a vowel letter or with consonant that appears like vowel in this word, “an” is applicable before it i.e. an orange, an honest, an arm, an hour.

Plural noun (Countable Noun)
Plural noun means that over one person, place or issue. Word “chair” may be a singular noun however word “chairs” is plural noun.
Plurals are sometimes shaped by adding –s or –es to singular noun as an example mango–mangoes, dog–dogs, cow–cows, horse–horses. If a word ends with “y”, the “y” is modified to “I” then –es is value-added to create it plural, as an example, baby–babies, lady–ladies. There is also some exceptions.
Some plural are shaped in numerous ways that as an example, man–men, child–children, leaf–leaves, wife–wives, foot–feet, toot–teeth, datum–data, basis–bases. Such plurals are known as irregular plural forms.
Some nouns have same plural and signifier, as an example, sheep–sheep, deer–deer, swine–swine. 
Uncountable Nouns.
Uncountable noun refers to substances that cannot be counted.
For example, water is an uncountable noun as a result of we tend to cannot count it. we tend to cannot say, one water or 2 water. Such substances that cannot be counted in terms of numbers are known as a uncountable noun. 
Examples: Water, milk, bread, honey, rain, furniture, news, data, pleasure, honesty, courage, weather, music, preparation, warmth, wheat are samples of uncountable nouns.

Use of Uncountable Nouns.
Uncountable nouns are sometimes treated as a singular noun for auxiliary verbs in sentence, however, articles “a or an” are sometimes not used before uncountable nouns.
Examples.
Water maintains its level.
Necessity is that the mother of invention
His preparation wasn't sensible.
The Weather is incredibly pleasant these days.
This data is incredibly useful in determination the matter.
the heat of sun causes evaporation of water.
Uncountable nouns are also used as calculable noun once it refers to a private issue. as an example life is a uncountable noun however it's used as a countable noun if refers to an individual, lives.
Example.
It was feared that 2 lives had been lost.
We can additionally use a word like “some, any, no, little, a lot of etc.” before uncountable nouns if required in the sentence.
Examples.
They need no information regarding the defendant. 
There is little tea in the cup.

Changing Uncountable nouns into numerable nouns.
we are able to amendment uncountable noun into numerable noun if we have a tendency to specify a unit or activity commonplace for it. AN example} “water” is an uncountable noun however we are able to create it numerable by speech communication one glass of water or 2 glass of water etc. during this example, we have a tendency to elite a unit that's glass. we are able to conjointly say one liter of water or one cup of water etc. By choosing such units or activity standards we are able to amendment uncountable noun into numerable which might be counted in terms of numbers.
Examples.
Uncountable – Countable
Wheat – a grain of wheat.
Milk – a glass of milk
Informarion – a piece of knowledge