Types of Phrase

A phrase is a group of related words(within a sentence) without both subject and verb
For Examples:
He is laughing at the joker.
on the basis of their functions and constructions,phrases divided into various types.

1- Noun Phrase
A noun phrase consist of a noun and other related words (usually and determiners) which modify the noun.It functions like a noun in a sentence.
Noun phrase =Noun + Modifier
He is wearing a nice red shirt. (as Noun/Object)
She brought a glass of full of water. (as Noun/Object)
The boy with brown hair is laughing. (as Noun/Subject)
A sentence can also contain more noun phrases.For Example:
The girl with blue eyes bought a beautiful chair.

2- Prepositional Phrase
A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition,object of preposition (noun or pronoun) and may also consist of other modifiers.
For Examples: on a table,near a wall,in the room ,at the door,under a tree
A prepositional phrase starts with a preposition and mostly ends with a noun or pronoun.Whatever prepositional phrase ends with is called object of preposition.A prepositional phrase  functions as an adjective,or adverb in a sentence.
 Examples:
A boy on the roof is singing a song.     (As a adjective)
The man in the room is our teacher.     (As a adjective)
She is shouting in a loud voice.            (As a adverb)
He always behaves in a good manners.(As a adverb)

3- Adjective phrase
An adjective phrase is a group of words that functions like an adjective in a sentence.
It consists of adjectives,modifier and any word that modifies a noun or pronoun.
Examples:
 He is wearing a nice red shirt.                       (modifies shirt)
The girl with brown hairs is singing a song. (modifies girl)
He gave me a glass full of water.                     (modifies glass)
A boy from America won the race.                (modifies boy)

4- Adverb Phrase
An adverb phrase is a group of words that functions as an adverb in a sentence.It consists of adverb or other words ( preposition,noun,verb,modifiers ) that make a group with works like an adverb in a sentence.
Examples:
He always behaves in a good manners. (modifies with behave)
They were shouting in a loud voice.       (modifies verb shout)
She always drives with care.                  (modifies with drives)
He returned in a short while.                  (modifies verb return)

5- Verb Phrase
A verb phrase is a combination of main verb and its auxiliaries (helping verbs) in a sentence.
He is eating an apple.
She has finished her work.
You should study for the exam.
She has been sleeping for two hours.

6- Infinitive Phrase
A infinitive phrase consists of an infinitive (to + simple form of verb) and modifiers or other words associative to the infinitive.An infinitive phrase always functions as an adjective,adverb or a noun in a sentence.
Examples:
He likes to read books. (As Noun/Object)
To earn money is a desire of everyone.(As Noun/Subject)
He shouted to inform people about fire. (As Adverb,modifies verb shout)
He made a plan to buy a car. (As adjective,modifies noun,plan)

7- Gerund Phrase
A gerund phrase consists of a gerund (verbting) and modifiers or other words associated with the gerund.A gerund phrase acts as a noun in a sentence.
Example:
I like writing good essays.                         (As Noun/Object)
She started thinking about the problem.  (As Noun/Object)
Sleeping late in night is not a good habit. (As Noun/Subject)
Weeping late in night is not a good habit. (As Noun/Subject)

8- Participle Phrase
A participle phrase consists of a present participle (Verb + ing) a past participle (verb ending in -ed or other form in case of irregular verbs) and modifiers and other associate words. A participle phrase is sepereted by commas.It always acts as an adjective in a sentence.
Examples:
The kids,making a noise,need food.                   (modifies kids)
I received a letter,mentioning about my exam. (modifies letter)
The table,made of steel,is too expensive.           (modifies table)
He saw a car,damaged in an accident.              (modifies car)

9- Absolute Phrase
A absolute phrase is (also called nominative phrase) is  a group of words including a noun or pronoun and a participle as well as any associated modifiers.Absolute phrase modifies (give information about) the entire sentence. It resembles a clause but it lack a true finite verb. It is sepereted by comma or pairs of commas from the rest sentence.
Examples:
He looks sad,his face expressing worry.
She was waiting for her friend,her eyes on the clock.
Ali is painting a wall,his shirt dirty with paint.